Hydraulic ram



Sept. 9, 1930. E. F'AURE HYDRAULIC RAH med Sept. 1, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet1 Sept. 1930. v E. FAURE HYDRAULIC RAM 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 mwvfar Z fmi/FflLl/"C Filed Sept. 1, 1928 Patented Sept. 9, 1930 :EMILrApIm, OF PA I17mm Hirnmmtm RAM "Thej present 'iinve'ntibti relates to the.constructipn *O f hydraulic ;1 ams. with multiple battgry-pipes andconsists in a particular ar r rangnientoi these apparatus allowingvo fi*5 gii ing tlf1ejfri the mechanical and hy d lfauli cf wgrk'ingchrzrdteristics necssia ry for i'mak;

ing them into industrialmachines,

" It 1nd be ,recalldithat these kin 1 0tefyfpipeswhich arelike as manyseparate;

rams? lBy ctusi ng these rams to operate successively thereis obtained apractically 90nstant outphtfas with'lhultiple piton pumps.

However ifieach battery pipe is merely j 15 arranged as if it "were thec ase of a' single -am, t W W y emp oyi lone p p I for reatfizat iqn,theris obtgi d an 2113- V parm "with 21) large nunflbefof pipes, not

$113311 compa ctg hlit adaptd to produce dan application.

A'rhisrmo 'k aybe placed inside wa g;

region thrdilgh which the li'quidbntr s, the

igs i aiwmyaa sj to 'provi q m yi h a as? Y b i i b l fol-the Iigib intowhich -s ven p tio a; t. @IIpon the accompanying d reiwiiiggthere" are rskitign different magmas pi C1116: t6 Whichth thicklfi'esss q thewallsff" i the icon duitsYc an be rgdlucedto the minimum,

shaft (6) and acts with each battery-pipe like a three-way cock; forthis purpose it comprises holes (7) through which the pipes communicatewith the delivery nozzle 1) and notches (8) through which these pipescommunicate with the low pressure (9). The casing (10) which enclosesthe ram body comprises the low pressure. space with exhaust pipe (11)and the medium pressure space (12) of the shape of a torus, into whichthe water supply pipe (13) delivers, V A cover (14) closes the casingand carries the delivery pipe (15). .3

This cover serves to hold the ram body in place by the intermediary oflugs or supports (16) its shape is substantially spherical, so as torealize with the ram body a capacity (17) of which the elasticitycontributes to damp out the pulsations of the water. Flex ible plates(18) separate the capacity (17) from the medium pressure (12) and assistin the damping out of the pulsations.

If, for example, an excess pressure is pr0- E duced in the capacity (17these plates are deformed, taking up the position a, b; the

volume of the capacity (17) is thus momentarily increased by thearea a ba cross sectioned in igure 1. Consequentlythere resultsa reduction ofthe variation of pressure, like in the air vessels of pumps.

However, it may be remarked that the volume a Z) a is obtained at theexpense of the mediumpressure space 12) there might then resulttherefrom pulsations in this region. In order to prevent them, elasticplates 1 (19) are arranged, fixedlto the ram bodyand separating themedium jresstli'e (12) from the low pressure (9). Inthis way thepulsa-.-

tions in (12)may be carried intothe'space (9) by the deformation of. theplates('19). v t is easy to see that in these conditions the damping outof the pulsationsin the three regions (17,12 and 9) isen'sured."

In fact, any instantaneous variation of out put in (17 has for effect'avariationof opposite sense in the. instantaneousoutput in (9), since thetotal output, which is that which passes into stant,

If then this variation of output in (17) has accumulated in the space atb a, itsufiices for the plates (19) to be deformed, under the action ofthe variation of'pr'essure resulting therefrom in (12) by a quantity 6'f 6 equal in volume to a b a, in order thaton the one hand there shallbe no variation of volume in (12) andthat, on the other handthevariation of volume in (9) shall be equal and opposite tothat which isproduced in In this way, the outputs in the pipes (11) and (15) will beconstant, since the elastic plates absorb the-irregularities ofoperation of the ram. 7

Holes (20) formedineach battery-pipe, in

thevicinity of the down stream orifice ofthis (12) has to remain'conoutputs due to the p v I I show the deformation ofthe walls under the inunder medium pressure through the pipe (13) into the torus (12), passesinto the conduits (3) of the ram body. The distributor (5) is given amovement or rotation by a motor driving the shaft (6). When a concf duitis in communication with the low pressure (9), through the slot (8), thefluid which it contains takes on an accelerated speed under the effectof the pressure in (12), which is greater than in (9). Thedistributorhaving turned through a given angle, the same conduit is thenplaced in communication through'the orifice (7) with the high pressureat the fluid loses its speed by reason of the pressure in (41) which isgreater than that in (12). But this fall of speed is not instantaneousand a certain volume of water is thus introduced into the high pressure.

The flexible plates( 18 and 19) as well as the masses of water in thecapacities (9 and 17), which havelikewise a certain elasticity, absorbthe. irregularities of output in such a way as 'to' pass int-o the pipes(11 and 15) only constant outputs.

VVlien a dangerous water hammer tends to occur, the flap valves (21)lift, which prevents the hammer shock from exceeding the deliverypressure to any appreciable extent.

Figure 2 isa section of a ram body along the line 22 of. Figure 1. Theconduits (3) have a, curved general shape which is an involute of'acircle, This curve has for object to give these conduits the maximum oflength with a minimum of interference and to maintain the section of thechannel and the thickness-iof the walls constant. This shape is changedonly at the. two ends where it is necessary'above all to guide the Waterin a suitable way. f l

Figures 3 and'aare examples of conduits in perpendicular sections InFigure 3, the conduits are provided'by partitions (20) all formed toether in the same part and by a'fiat plate 21) which is made topressupon these partitions. v

In Figure 4, the tw'o'parts of the ram body aresimilar to one another,each comprising partitions (22 and 22). By assembling the two parts insuch a way as to make the partition'sregister, the conduits aredelimited.

Curves a b and a bin-FiguresB and 4 lilo results in diminishing thecross-section of the adjacent conduits (3 and 3"), which pro-V duceswater hammer shocks in these channels, opposing that produced in (3) andthereby reducing the strain or fatigue of the walls. Moreover, in theconduit (3), awater ham- 1 Iner will be produced with slowing down of athe speed, whereas in (3 and 3") the hammer shocks take place withacceleration of speed which fact re-establishes to a certain extent theaverage value of the output ofthe whole of theapparatus; I

Figure 5 represents a pump constituted by the combination of themultiple ram with a centrifugalwheel, the centrifugal wheel (23) "itselffurnishing the fluid at medium pres sure by compressingthe low pressurewater.

The pipes (11 and 13) of thep'receding e ample are in this caseunnecessary.

The wheel (23) is mounted upon the same shaft (6) as the distributor andrevolves in theinteriorlof thecasing (10) which ale ready contains the,ram body. ,Its angular settingis suchthat its suction takes place inthelow pressure region (9) and that its de livery communicates with themedium pressure region (12) i The fluid drawn inenters by the pipe (24)y into atorus (25) integral with the casing and it passes into thelowpressure region by way of a passage (26)"t1aversijn'g the mediumpressure region (12). The operation'of the instance i WhatI claimisy 1.'In combin ,tion, a multiple battery-pipe device is exactly the same asin the preceding.

hydraulic ram, with battery-pipes constituted by contiguous conduitsforming a block.

and a low pressure chamber, a rotary distributor for the battery-pipesof ram, a eentrifugal wheel on the shaft of the said dis-v h tributor,acasing forthe said wheel, passage means between the low pressurechamber and i the casing of thecentrifugalwheel.

i I" 2. In a, hydraulic ram com'prlslng" more than two battery tubes, a.low pressure chamher, a pipe for discharging the water ofthe" sa dchamber, a high pressure chamber, a,

pipe for dischargingthe water of said secondmentioned chamber, apressure'equali zing chamber, a pipe for supplying 'water under pressureto saidlast-mentioned chamber, a

block between the said'highjand low pres-f sure chambers, a centralpassage through the said block, in combination with a'series of tralpassage through, said block in combina-; *tion with a series ofconvergent passages communicating constantly with the pressurementionedchamber, a pressure-equalizing chamber, a pipe for supplying water underpressure to said last-mentioned chamber, a I block between the high andlow pressure chambers, formed by the juxtaposition of grooved platesadapted to form a seriesof convergent passages, battery tubescommunieating constantly with the pressure-equalizing chamber, a centralpassagethrough said block, and a rotating distributor successivelyconnecting said convergent passages with the central passage.

' 4:. In a hydraulic ram comprising more i than two battery tubes, a lowpressurechamber, a pipe for discharging the water of said chamber, ahigh pressure chamber, a pipe for discharging the water of saidsecond-mentioned chamber, a pressure-equalizing chamber, a pipe forsupplying water under pressure to said last-mentioned chamber, a blockbetween the high andlow pressure chambers, acentral passage through saidblock incommunication with a series of convergent passa-gesinthe formofa developed circle com 'ing chamber, a pipesupplying water underpressure togsaid last-mentioned. chamber, a

flexible wall between the pressure-equalizing and low pressurechambers,a block between I the high and lowpressure chambers, acenequalizingchamber, and a rotating distribua tor. successivelyconnecting said convergent passages with the central passage.

' In testimony whereofI have :signed this specification. I

convergent passages or battery tubescoin- 1 municating constantly withthe pressure-r equalizing chamber, anda rotatmg dlstribu- Atorsuccessively'connecting'the said conver gent passages with thecentralpassage. V

3. In ahydraulic ram comprising more than two battery tubes,:a lowpressure charm V ber, a pipe for dischargingthe waterofthe said chamber,a high pressure chamber, a

pipe for discharging the water of said second- I EMIL FAUREQ a

